Section VI -Scorborugh Faire





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Parsley
   Parsley Sauce
   Leeks with Olives and Parsley

Sage
   Sage Sauce
Rosemary
   Rosemary Sauce
   Salmon with Rosemary
Thyme
   Thyme Sauce
   Thyme Dressing

Combined Herb Recipes
   Hair Treatments
   Herb Butter
   Salt Substitutes
   Poultry Seasoning
   Potpourris Herbs
   Easy Veggie Dish

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PARSLEY

OFFICIAL NAME: Petroselinum Crispum
COMMON NAME: Common parsley, garden parsley, and rock parsley.
ORIGIN OF NAMES: From the Greek, petro means stone and selinum was the name of a plant that resembled parsley
SYMBOL: Mirth, joy, festivity, honor, oblivion and death.
ASTROLOGICAL: Ruled by the planet Mercury
PERIOD LORE: During the Middle Ages it was thought to be the devils favorite plant and that its wickedness would only be neutralized by sowing its seeds on Good Friday under a rising moon, even then because it is a slow growing seed, it wassaid that the seeds went to the devil seven to nine times (depending on which version of the legend you are reading) before germinating and that the devil kept some of it for himself. Never transplant as it will bring disaster to the household, this probably stems from the fact that parsley is fairly hard to transplant. Medieval belief, sprinkle head with parsley seeds three nights a year to cure baldness. Any one dying was pointed out with the remark "The man's in need of parsley", as they sprinkled corpses with parsley to deodorize them. They credited it with many cures of human ills especially those having to do with kidney and liver disorders. Used against plague, asthma, dropsy, jaundice, and used to cure sick fish in ponds. It was even powdered and used as a dye.
CULTIVATION: Annual or Biennial Sow seeds in spring or fall to a depth of 1/8 inch, makes a good border plant it is slow to germinate Grows to a height of 6 to 8 inches. Easily grown from seed which has been soaked overnight in boiled water which will prevent bacterial growth. Sow in open garden. Four plants (two of each variety) should be enough for a family of four. Parsley is a biennial, largest plant produced the second spring before flowering and going to seed in July before dying. For continues production plant each spring. If you have a patch that produces each year it has probably resown itself. Slow to germinate so successfully mix parsley and radish seeds and sown in radish beds. Radishes with shade soil and help parsley plants to get started. Also as radishes are harvested the parsley will not need to be thinned out. Flowers from June to August. Can do very well on a windowsill. Flowers in early summer. Grows wild from Sardinia east to Lebanon, cultivated throughout the temperate zones. Can be used as a border or edging plant as it is a compact plant. In vegetable garden parsley is supposed to repel asparagus beetles. Parsley is susceptible to crown rot, carrot weevils, parsley worms or nematodes. Moderately rich, moist, well drained soil. Full sun to partial shade.
HARVESTING AND STORAGE: Dry parsley in the shade. Once dry crush by hand and store in an airtight container. Curly parsley can be frozen.
CULINARY: Garnish as become so popular that people discard it. Flatleaf has a more delicate flavor and blends better for cooking, curly leaf looks pretty for garnishes, but it has a bitter taste. If you are out of parsley try lovage or chervil. use fresh leaves. Flavoring and garnish in soups, salads, meat, egg dishes. Uses: Potatoes, Vegetables, as a garnish, soups, salads, meat. Middle Eastern Tabbouleh. Japanese deep-fry parsley in tempura batter. major ingredient of salsa Verde, the English make parsley jelly. Frozen parsley is superior to home dried.

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Parsley Sauce

1 bunch fresh parsley
1 cloves garlic
1/4 cup olive oil
1/2 cup ricotta cheese

Puree parsley with garlic, olive oil and ricotta cheese in processor or blender. Use as a sauce for cold beef, shellfish, or pasta.

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Leeks with Olives and Parsley

1 Leek washed and finely sliced
3 tablespoon Olive oil
1/4 cup Vegetable stock
8-10 black olives, stoned and sliced
2/3 cup of fresh parsley finely chopped
Salt and pepper

Sauté the sliced leeks in the olive oil, stirring, until they begin to soften, about 6-8 minutes. Stir in the stock and bring to the boil. Simmer gently, uncovered, for 5 minutes. Add the olives and the chopped parsley, and cook, stirring occasionally, for a further 3-4 minutes. Season to taste with salt and pepper and it is ready to serve. Serves 2 used as an appetizer.
OTHER USES/CRAFTS: Chew a sprig of parsley after eating a garlic dish as it will sweeten the breath. A tea made from the crushed seeds kills scalp vermin. Used to attract rabbits and repel head lice.

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SAGE

OFFICIAL NAME: Salvia Officinalis Of the Boraginaceae family
COMMON NAME: Garden Sage
ORIGIN OF NAMES: Salvia Latin meaning safe or well because sage is regarded medicinally as a safe guard to health. French Sauge gives us the modern pronunciation of sage.
SYMBOL: Esteem and domestic virtues, Luck and Pride.
ASTROLOGICAL: Herb of the Sun
PERIOD LORE: Drink a tea of sage regularly it will increase your life span and give you wisdom. Ancient Arabian Proverb: "How shall a man die who has sage in his garden?" John Evelyn 17th century English writer of botanicals claimed that sage would render a man immortal. Like rosemary it is said that if sage flourished in the garden the woman dominated the house. It was also a folk belief that the condition of the plant reflected the fortunes of the man of the house. If the plant flourished he was prospering, if the plant withered he was in a state of poverty.
CULTIVATION: Perennial Plants become woody after two or three years. Rabbits love to eat it in the winter. Needs good drainage, limey soil and full sun. Grows about 2 feet and blooms in second season. Flowers in June Blue spikes. Get plants from a green house, space plants 6 to 8 inches apart, blossom is violet-blue, grows to a height of 18 to 24 inches
CULINARY: flavor pork, veal, sausages, poultry stuffing's, fresh or dried leaves. stuffing, sauces, soups, stews, herb cheese (sage cheddar cheese). In Switzerland Clary sage leaves are rolled up, dipped in batter and then deep fried. These herb fritters are called "little mice". May turn bitter with long cooking. Makes fatty meats seem less heavy, place sage leaves directly on top of meat or fish.

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A Sage Sauce

2 tablespoons butter
1/2 cup sage leaves, chopped
1/2 cup whipping cream
pinch of salt and pepper

In saucepan, slightly heat the butter, and add sage leaves; when sizzling, add cream, salt and pepper. Boil for 1 minute, then pour over one of the following. Baked Chicken Breast, Polenta, or Green Beans.
OTHER USES/CRAFTS: Oil is used in soaps and perfumes. Hair rinse for dark hair: 2 Table sage leaves, 1 pint boiling water, and 1 table henna for a reddish brown color. Steep leaves, strain and use as a final rinse after shampooing, it will gradually darken the hair OR 1/3 cup sage leaves in 1 qt water. Steep 2 hours strain. pour over hair and leave for 1/2 hour, rinse out. OR Rinse for dark hair 2 T sage leaves, 1 pint boiling water, 1 tablespoons henna. Steep leaves, stain. Use after rinsing out shampoo. Will darken hair slowly.
Add to Potpourris and Sachets. Astringent properties makes sage a good additive to facial steams and facial masks.

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ROSEMARY

OFFICIAL NAME: Rosmarinus Officinalis
COMMON NAME: Rosemary
ORIGIN OF NAMES: of the mint family Rosmarinus, Latin meaning Dew of the sea which may refer to its blue flowers or the fact that it thrives by the seashore. Ros is dew or spray and Mar is sea.
SYMBOL: remembrance, friendship, love and fidelity. constancy, loyalty, enduring love, devotion and memory.
ASTROLOGICAL: Ruled by the Sun, Herb of Aries
IN THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS: "Your presence revives me!"
PERIOD LORE: Originated in France and Spain, Pliny gave it the name of rosmarinus which means sea dew. Manufacturers in Europe extract oil to be used in cologne. In the Middle ages they wove it into garlands for brides, because the Virgin Mary hung her cloak on a rosemary bush on the way to Egypt. A 14th century perfume called Hungary water had rosemary as its main ingredient. This was made from rosemary oil and alcohol and was concocted by a hermit for Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, who was said to have been cured of paralysis of the joints by rubbing this water in them. They also used it as a hair restorer. It grows to the height of Christ in 33 years (6 feet) after which it grows thicker not higher. It has been a weeding flower in Europe since the time of Charlemagne. Members of the wedding party carried sprigs of rosemary which was often gilded. The bride would wear a garland of it. It was placed under the pillow to repel evil spirits and bad dreams. It was good against witches and the plague (which ever you feared the most). It was used as a love charm where by a young person would tap the object of their love on the finger with a blooming sprig of rosemary, then they would fall in love and marry. In Belgium small children were told that babies sprang from rosemary plants. Rosemary body powder puts a person in a merry frame of mind. Banke's Herbal of 1525 (the first book devoted exclusively to herbs was printed in England) stated that smelling rosemary keeps a person young. Also "Take the flowers thereof and boyle them in fayre water and drinke that water for it is much worthe against all manner of evils in the body." In France they thought that if you combed your hair daily with a comb made of rosemary wood it would prevent giddiness. 16th century wealthy men would pay perfumers to come into their houses and scent the air with a rosemary incense. They would beat rosemary leaves and sugar together, place them in the purfuming pan and heat it over hot coals.
"I lett it runne all over my garden wall, not onlie because my bees love it, but because tis the herb sacred to remembrance, and therefore to friendship.." St. Thomas More on Rosemary.
CULTIVATION: Perennial, not a house plant, garden for good production. Limey soil with good drainage. Water when branch tips wilt. Do not over water. Add sand to root system when planting. Seeds have less then 10 percent germination, so purchase plants or take cuttings. Several plants should be bought as they do not grow as quickly as other plants. Sow seeds in early spring to a depth of 1/4 inch spacing plants 18 inches, it has a fast germination time, the bloom is pale blue, grows to a height of 24 to 36 inches. Grows best in stoney or chalky places.
CULINARY: The only form of Rosemary no recommended for cooking is Rosmarinus protratus (prostrate rosemary) because of highly resinous (very strong and bitter) flavor. Use fresh leaves used with lamb, chicken, shrimp, breads, veggies, stuffing's, fruit (especially citrus) salads, etc. Used to give a wild taste to fowl and lamb. pungent pine-like sweet but savory taste. Use sparingly as it is a dominant herb.

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Salmon with Rosemary

1 Tbs. lemon juice
1/2 tsp. rosemary, crumbled, or 2 tsp. fresh, chopped
1 Tbs. plus 1 tsp. olive oil
4 6 ounce salmon steaks

Combine lemon juice, rosemary and oil. Mix well, pour into the bottom of shallow baking dish. Add salmon and turn to coat. Marinate 15 to 30 minutes. Grill or broil 5 to 6 minutes per side.
OTHER USES/CRAFTS: Topiaries and wreath shapes, use in winter months to fragrance the air. use in flower arrangements. Makes wonderful hair rinse for brunettes and a delicious bath scent. Add to Potpourris and Sachets. Stimulates hair growth, use in hair rinse for thinning hair. May be used as a tobacco substitute, smoked alone they are nicotine free.
Castile Shampoo

2 tablespoons leaf sage, 4 tablespoons rosemary, 1 tablespoons chamomile, 1 1/2 quarts boiling water, 1/4 cup Castile soap shavings. Steep herbs in water, Let sit 2 hours, Strain, reheat and dissolve soap in it, whip with a whisk. Store in glass bottle, use as needed.

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THYME

OFFICIAL NAME: Thymus
COMMON NAME: Garden Thyme, of the mint family
ORIGIN OF NAMES: Thymon derived from the Greek verb to fumigate or to sacrifice and the Greek noun for courage.
SYMBOL: Activity, bravery, courage, spontaneous emotion.
ASTROLOGICAL: Ruled by the planet Venus
PERIOD LORE: Sometimes referred to as "old father thyme" since it has been around almost as long. Wild thyme is sometimes call "Mother of Thyme", it was used as a remedy for hangovers and nightmares. (3 parts wild thyme, 1 part spearmint, 1 part rosemary) In the middle ages it was thought that if you gathered thyme on a hillside you could conjure the fairy folk and that the King of the Fairies along with all his folk would dance on beds of wild thyme, a legend Shakespeare incorporated into "A Midsummer's Night Dream". Oberon, King of the Fairies suggest that Tatania, Queen of the Fairies, could be found on "a bank where the wild thyme grows." Middle ages thyme was a pillow stuffer which thought it would dispel melancholy and epilepsy. One of first plants to be used as incense. Mixed with juniper and rosemary it was an important old time disinfectant. Used as firewood for the sacrifice altars.
CULTIVATION: Perennial, but after two years it becomes less aromatic and a new sowing may be preferable. Beginning gardeners try common thyme and lemon thyme. Prefers full sun, good drainage, prune so that it will not become woody. Lemon thyme needs a protected location and mulching for winter month. Grows about 8 inches. Flowers in June and are lavender pink Can be used in limey or poor soil. Plant seeds in April or May in partial shade and keep moist Plants like full sun once started, transplant in June or even as late as July before or after a shower. Sow seeds when weather is thoroughly settled and barely cover with sifted soil, space plants 12 inches, slow to germinate, blossom is lavender, grows to a height of 12 to 18 inches.
CULINARY: Over thirty types of thyme most recipes call for common or garden thyme, unless specifically mentioned such as lemon thyme, nutmeg thyme, or caraway thyme. Common thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) is used in meat and vegetable dishes. Lemon Thyme (Thymus Citriodorus) is used in desserts and fruit dishes. Mix chopped lemon thyme into batter of tea breads, sugar cookies or pound cake. Fresh tops used as garnish, leaves fresh or dried used in cooking. Leaves and stems. Necessary for Manhattan clam chowder, soups, stews, stuffing's, salad dressings, fish and meat dishes, veggies, creole. Clove like flavor, essential herb in French cooking. Helps in the digestion of fatty foods, stimulates the appetite.

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Thyme Sauce

1 tablespoon vegetable oil
4 cups sweet, seedless red grapes
1/2 cup thyme leaves
1 tablespoon water
2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar

Slightly heat oil; add grapes and thyme. When sizzling, add water. Cook for 5 minutes. Add vinegar and cook for another minute. Serve with any white meat, such as pork, breast of turkey, chicken or duck. If desired, pour on any of the above meats for the last 5 minutes of roasting time. If using sauce to roast, omit cooking grapes in the first stage, as they will become overcooked. Add uncooked grapes and sauce for the last 5 minutes of roasting time.

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Thyme Dressing

1 cup thyme leaves
1/2 cup olive oil
1/2 cup whipping cream
1 cup mayonnaise
1/2 teaspoon allspice
1 teaspoon salt

Mince thyme leaves with olive oil in food processor or blender. Add all other ingredients and whisk by hand. Let stand in refrigerator several hours. Good on chicken or turkey salads, fruit salads, or any Waldorf type salad.
OTHER USES/CRAFTS: Adds a woody touch to potpourris and sachets. Liquid plant preparation: Thyme oil used for deodorant may also be used as an insecticide and parasiticides.

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COMBINED HERB RECIPES

Rinse for Blondes
4 tablespoons chamomile
1 tablespoons whole leaf sage
1 tablespoons rosemary

Steep in 1 qt of boiling water for 1 hour. Strain. Use after rinsing out shampoo.
Herbal baths
Rejuvenating bath - equal parts of comfrey, alfalfa, parsley and orange peel.
Stiff Muscles - Equal parts sage leaves and strawberry leaves.
Men's Bath equal parts spearmint and thyme (1/2 cup each)
Fragrant Bath, equal parts of lavender, rosemary, and rose petals

Herb butter use one or more of the following,

1/2 teaspoon of basil, sage, thyme, parsley, rosemary, or dill.

Salt substitute

1/2 tea savory
1 tea chervil
1/2 tea tarragon
1/4 tea rosemary
1/4 tea sage
1/2 tea thyme
1 tea parsley

Combine in blender and process till they are a fine powder. Store air tight.
Poultry Seasoning

1 cup parsley
1/4 cup sage
1/4 cup rosemary
2 tablespoons thyme
3 tablespoons marjoram
2 teaspoon onion powder
1 teaspoon pepper

Mix well and store air tight.
Potpourris Herbs:

sage
rosemary
thyme
balm
basil
lavender
lemon thyme
mint
lovage
patchouli
rose geranium
sweet marjoram
tarragon
rose
woodruff
lemon verbena
Easy Veggie Dish

Melt about 1/2 cup butter, add about 3 cups chopped mixed veggies, toss to coat and cook until they are tender. Sprinkle with 1/2 tea of each parsley, sage, rosemary, and thyme. Toss to coat. Sprinkle with 1 cup shredded cheese, and serve.